Sep 20: India’s Pharma Surge, Adani’s SEBI Victory

Not many of us would’ve thought a JCB could be used for anything other than digging up roads but here comes the shocker. A viral video shows a JCB casually stirring a cauldron of dal makhni. Anyone brave enough to taste this special “dal à la JCB” may have found themselves moving from the buffet line straight to the doctor’s line. Netizens are torn between calling it “innovation” or calling the health department hygiene inspector.

Now, let’s get into the Dispatch! 🚀

Today’s reading time is 7 mins.

The Indian market today ended in the red on Friday, due to profit booking after a three-day winning streak. Weakness in key sectors, including IT, FMCG, and private banking, also contributed to the decline. 

Moving Up The Value Chain: India, long dubbed the “pharmacy of the world” for its dominance in generic drug manufacturing, is quietly repositioning itself on the global pharmaceutical map. Over 55 Global Capability Centres (GCCs) linked to pharma and life sciences are now operating in the country, employing nearly three lakh professionals across 95 centres. What began as cost-effective support hubs are evolving into critical nodes of innovation, drug development, and regulatory work.

The Rise Of GCCs: GCCs first arrived in India with modest mandates, handling back-office operations, routine analytics, and IT support. Over time, with the availability of highly skilled talent and India’s proven operational maturity, their remit has expanded. Today, GCCs are moving deeper into R&D, advanced data analytics, clinical trial management, and regulatory submissions. The shift is not just about scale but about sophistication.

Why India? Several factors have driven this evolution. India produces one of the largest pools of STEM graduates globally, giving pharma companies access to scientists, engineers, and digital specialists at a competitive cost. The regulatory environment, while still a work in progress, has shown steady improvement, making India a more dependable base for high-value functions. At the same time, global pharma giants are under pressure. With many blockbuster drugs losing patents between 2025 and 2030, companies need to ramp up innovation quickly and India offers both talent and speed.

Examples Of Growth: Novartis’s Corporate Centre in Hyderabad illustrates the trajectory. Launched with just 20 employees, it has now grown to around 8,500, contributing to a wide range of global projects, from drug development to digital innovation. Other majors such as Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Merck, and Bayer have also scaled up their Indian GCCs, signaling that the country is no longer just a peripheral outpost but a central cog in global pharma operations.

Challenges Ahead: Yet, India’s climb up the pharma value chain is not without hurdles. Despite progress, GCCs in India are still often seen as “extended arms” rather than primary innovation engines. Intellectual property protection, though improved, remains an area where global companies seek greater assurance. Questions also persist on whether India can truly lead in high-end drug discovery or whether it will remain in the realm of support and development.

The Road Forward: For India to solidify its place as a global innovation hub, regulators will need to build further confidence around IP rights and data protection. At the same time, investments in artificial intelligence, digital infrastructure, and research ecosystems will be crucial. Analysts note that the shift is already underway: India is moving from cost-arbitrage to capability-arbitrage. If sustained, this transformation could redefine India’s role in global pharma, taking it well beyond the generic drug label.  

Opening Context: Two years ago, when Hindenburg Research dropped its explosive report accusing the Adani Group of stock manipulation, opaque related-party transactions, and misuse of offshore entities, Indian markets plunged into a crisis of confidence. Adani stocks plummeted, investor trust wobbled, and regulatory scrutiny intensified. On September 18, 2025, India’s markets regulator, SEBI, delivered its verdict: the allegations were largely unsubstantiated, disclosure norms were not breached, and related-party transactions flagged by Hindenburg did not amount to violations under Indian law. The result, a sharp turnaround – Adani shares surged, wiping out prior losses and restoring over ₹46,000 crore in market valuation as investors rushed back in.

End of Overhang: After a painstaking 32-month investigation, SEBI dismissed most of Hindenburg’s claims against the Adani Group. The regulator found that many of the flagged transactions were not “related‐party” in the sense that they violated Indian corporate disclosure or market manipulation norms. These findings have officially closed a chapter of uncertainty that had weighed heavily on both the group’s stock prices and its reputation.

Market Reaction: News of SEBI’s clean chit sparked an immediate rally in Adani’s stocks. Investor wealth surged by approximately ₹46,000 crore in a single session, reflecting relieved market sentiment. Key firms such as Adani Power, Adani Total Gas, and Adani Enterprises led the gains. Nearly all Adani‐controlled listed entities saw their share values climb.

What This Doesn’t Resolve: SEBI’s ruling does not mean all questions are answered. Despite dismissals, some investigations remain pending. Investors will watch whether the group follows through on transparency and disclosure to avoid similar overhangs in future.  

India’s Sugar Shortfall: Indian sugar mills are set to miss their 1 million tonne export quota for the season, with projected shipments of around 7,75,000 tonnes. This shortfall is largely due to a global surplus from Brazil, which has driven down international prices, making Indian sugar less competitive. A good monsoon, however, is expected to boost sugar output in the 2025-26 season, potentially improving future export prospects.

Chabahar Sanctions: The US has revoked a 2018 sanctions waiver for Iran's Chabahar Port, effective September 29, 2025. This puts India's 10-year deal to operate the port at risk and could expose Indian entities to penalties under the IFCA. India has committed an investment of around $120 million to the project and an additional $250 million in planned loans. The move threatens India's strategic access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, which bypasses Pakistan, and could disrupt aid and cargo flows.

Indian Flexible Workforce: According to a new report from the Indian Staffing Federation (ISF), the flexi-staffing industry in India is poised for significant growth. Its revenue is projected to reach ₹2.58 lakh crore by fiscal year 2027, showing a 17.3% CAGR from ₹1.9 lakh crore in fiscal year 2025. The formal flexi workforce is also expected to increase from 7.2 million in FY25 to 9.16 million in FY27. India currently ranks third globally in flexi headcount, with top hiring hubs in states like Maharashtra and Karnataka. This growth is driven by strong demand from sectors like logistics, BFSI, and manufacturing.

India’s Infrastructure Money Gap: India needs around $4.5 trillion in infrastructure investment by 2030, according to PFRDA chief Sivasubramanian Ramann. With banks stepping back from long-gestation projects, pension and insurance funds are expected to take the lead. Recent RBI regulatory relaxations could revive credit flows by October 2025, while the government looks to tap ₹110–115 lakh crore from pension and insurance pools to bridge the massive funding gap.

RBI Pushes For Lower Retail Charges: The RBI has asked banks to slash retail service charges on products like debit cards, late payments, and minimum balance violations, following a spike in customer complaints. While the move could dent banks’ fee income, up 12% to ₹510.6 billion in the June quarter, it aims to protect low-income customers. The Indian Banks’ Association is reviewing over 100 retail products to harmonise charges, as the RBI pushes for fairer banking practices.

Adani Power Soars: Adani Power has been recognised by Morgan Stanley as India's largest private coal IPP, with an operational capacity of 18.15 GW. The brokerage has initiated coverage with an "Overweight" rating and a price target of ₹818, suggesting a 30% upside. The report forecasts a capacity increase to 41.9 GW by FY32 and projects that the company's EBITDA will triple by FY33.